Gastrointestinal Disorders and Treatments Discussion Essay

Gastrointestinal Disorders and Treatments Discussion - Essay Example For short-term treatment, PPIs are more effective compared to H2RAs (Karch, 2013). The two drugs act by repressing the production of acid from the stomach. The PPIs drugs reduce but do not prevent the risk of developing ulcers in people taking NSAIDs (Song, Zhu & Lu, 2015). There is evidence that a dose of 75mg ranitidine and famotidine 10mg helps to minimize gastric acidity for at least 12h at night though it is a lower dose than the one in the prescription product insert. The PPIs are more effective in the prevention of acute peptic ulcer bleeding and ulcer healing. However, a standard dose of H2RAs is efficient in the prevention of NSAID- induced injury such as duodenal but not gastric ulcers (Mejia & Kraft, 2009). The PPIs are efficient in inhibition of gastric acid production. The commonly used drugs include rabeprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole and esomeprazole. These drugs are weak bases that require an acidic surrounding to obstruct H+K+ -ATPase and act as prodrugs. The PPIs also reduce pepsin secretion that acts to minimize mucosa harm. Moreover, the morning dosage of PPIs enhances acid repression that is in contrast with H2RAs that works well at night. The drugs’ effect increase with repeated administration where by day three a steady state happens and the amount of pumps that is inhibited for more than two hours get to 70%. An increase in enzyme recruitment promotes progressive acid suppression. Nevertheless, taking the drugs ‘when required’ does not generate sufficient acid inhibition and does not give a regular clinical reaction. PPIs and H2RAs should not be used together because of their minimum inhibitory impact. If there is a need for concomitant treatment, it is advisable to provide enough intervals in the administration of the two drugs. The H2RAs are safe to use and can be obtained over-the-counter. However, for elderly patients in the intensive care unit suffering from renal and hepatic difficulties, it

To what extend does Joint Commission International (JCI) Accreditation Essay - 1

To what extend does Joint Commission International (JCI) Accreditation standards improves healthcare facilities(2) - Essay Example Scientific enquiry or research involves a series of steps that begins with defining the problems through proper investigations using a scientific approach and devise methods to reach a suitable solution. Experts have divided this process of scientific research under eight sub-divisions. The first characteristic is purpose, which implies that every researcher should have a specific purpose for undertaking the research. This is the initial step that would enable the researcher to find suitable answers and methods to solve the problem. The next important requirement is rigor by which researchers need to be attentive and scrupulous during the research process in order to avoid any errors or bias that may affect the end results. The next requirement is testability by which a hypothesis should be subjected to proper testing processes after collection of the required data. Following the testing process the researcher should also ensure that the results obtained are replicable every time the research is conducted under similar conditions as this will ensure that the hypothesis is reproducible. The next requirement for any research is precision and confidence. Precision ensures that the results obtained from the research are relevant to the hypothesis made and the confidence levels reveal the extent to which the results are correct. In addition to the above factors, every researcher should be objective in their research by which any subjective or emotional bias should be eliminated and the study interpretation should be based on the data alone. Another important requirement is generalization of the study by which the study could be applied to any setting. Finally the study should also be simple to perform and understand rather than complex.(Sekaran, 2003). The following chapter begins with the definition of the research problem and then describes the purpose of this study, following which the study objectives are detailed and in turn the study setting is described. The research methodology that includes the sampling methods is explained and the types of data to be used, data collection and analysis are then explored. The contribution of the study is described finally. The method employed in the study is telephonic interview and use of an executive staff questionnaire with the IMC staff members. The IMC has entered into an agreement with the JCI, which has made it the first hospital in Gulf to be involved with the acclaimed organization right from the inception of a project. 3.2 Research problem Following the implementation of the JCI standards within the TQM department, several manufacturing industries have shown marked improvement in quality in different sectors across the country. Given this increase in quality improvement, the service industry, especially the healthcare industry has shown interest in implementing this concept within its purview. The Saudi health sector, both public and private, faces a variety of general challenges such as reso urce allocation and other challenges related to its nature such as the quality of services provided, cost containment and medical errors. Considering the